Thanks for the response... trust me, he was coaching and it is almost ALWAYS the losing coach that does it. It's not just the thumbs up (that's narrative). There is other video of him making forward and back motions and he clearly makes a little nod which means that someone acknowledged him. "Everybody does it" is not an excuse because no, not everyone does it, and like i said, I'm willing to bet that Ramos watched it going on for a set and a half and then had enough, which is correct.
Serena has a real problem: her coach says, "Yes, I did, everybody does" and has not backed off of that. She said, "No, never." Now she is saying, "We didn't have hand signals, I do not know why he would say that?!?!?!"
The rule states very clearly that a coach can make NO verbal or non-verbal cues... it's really, really clear and tennis does try to adhere. Like was said, men got 86 code violations at the US Open, women 22, and there were at least 2 of them that were coaching violations, so for her to say it never happens just defies fact... very recent fact, like same tournament fact.